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A Neighborhood Association (NA) is a group of residents or property owners who advocate for or organize activities within a neighborhood. An association may have elected leaders and voluntary dues. Some neighborhood associations in the United States are incorporated, may be recognized by the Internal Revenue Service as 501(c)(4) nonprofit organization, and may enjoy freedom from taxation from their home state.〔Association Types "Advocate Property Management", Retrieved December 8, 2014.〕 The term neighborhood association is sometimes incorrectly used instead of homeowners association (HOA). But neighborhood associations are not homeowners associations (HOA). An HOA is a group of property owners with the legal authority to enforce rules and regulations that focus on restrictions and building and safety issues. On the other hand, a neighborhood association is a group of neighbors and business owners who work together for changes and improvements such as neighborhood safety, beautification and social activities. They reinforce rules and regulations through education, peer pressure and by looking out for each other. Some key differences include:〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://ravenwoodforest.org/page1/index.html )〕 *HOA membership is mandatory generally through rules tied to the ownership of property like deed restrictions. Neighborhood association membership is voluntary or informal. *HOAs often own and maintain common property, such as recreational facilities, parks, and roads, whereas neighborhood associations are focused on general advocacy and community events. The rules for formation of a neighborhood association in the United States are sometimes regulated at the city or state level. Neighborhood Councils within a city, whose officers are generally elected, are composed of various neighborhood associations and, as such, may be subject to limitations and special rules set up by the Council. Neighborhood associations are more likely to be formed in older, established neighborhoods, especially those that that predate HOAs. HOAs are generally established at the time a residential neighborhood is built and sold. Sometimes older established neighborhoods form an HOA to help regulate rules and standards. In some cases, neighborhood associations exist simultaneously with HOAs, and each may not encompass identical boundaries. In one example, newer infill neighborhoods built decades after the original, surrounding HOA-less neighborhood may have its own HOA but also be within the boundaries of a NA. ==Grassroots and Straddler Organizations== While neighborhood associations in the United States often function in a similar manner, other areas of the world demonstrate a unique form of neighborhood associations that is uncommon to Western ideals. These NA do share basic characteristics with traditional grassroots organizations but yet they remain distinctly different. Benjamin Read refers to this variety of organizations as "straddlers for their spanning of the state-society divide." Neighborhood Associations in terms of grassroots organizations compared to straddler organizations can be distinguished by the following characteristics: ''Grassroots'' * Ultra local level * Citizens’ organizations * Ideas are authentic & pure * Driven by community volunteers * Develop naturally & spontaneously * Autonomous from government and politics ''Neighborhood-based Straddler organizations'' * East & Southeast Asia * Extensive grassroots presence * Engage widespread participation * Linked to state rather than independent of it * Governments actively shape their citizens' lives To expand on the variety of global neighborhood associations present, an example can be used from certain NA's in Asia. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Neighborhood association」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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